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Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History

Douglas Owsley

Curator of Biological Anthropology
Department / Division
Anthropology
Education
  • Ph.D., University of Tennessee, Knoxville
  • B.A., University of Wyoming
  • M.A., University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Research Interests

Skeletal biology; forensic anthropology; historic populations in North America; North American Plains Indians; Polynesia.

Publications
Journal Article
  • Owsley, Douglas W. and Schlachtmeyer, Sandra S. 2017. "The Search for a Justice: Gabriel Duvall of Maryland." Maryland Historical Magazine, 112, (2) 180–205.
  • Pavesic, Max G., Yohe, Robert M., II, Owsley, Douglas W., and Camp-Hill, Amanda. 2016. "Paleodiet in Western Idaho: An analysis of Mid-Archaic human remains from the Braden and DeMoss sites." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 6 211–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2016.01.034.
  • France, Christine A. M. and Owsley, Douglas W. 2015. "Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Spacing Between Bone and Tooth Collagen and Hydroxyapatite in Human Archaeological Remains." International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 25, (3) 299–312. https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.2300.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Bruwelheide, Karin S., Cashion Lugo, M. A., and Spradley, M. K. 2015. "Identification of Ramón Power Y Giralt: Puerto Rico's Diplomat to the 1812 Spanish Constitutional Court." Centro Journal, XXVII 178–207.
  • France, Christine A. M., Owsley, Douglas W., and Hayek, Lee-Ann C. 2014. "Stable isotope indicators of provenance and demographics in 18th and 19th century North Americans." Journal of Archaeological Science, 42 356–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.10.037.
  • Little, Nicole C., Florey, Victoria, Molina, Irma, Owsley, Douglas W., and Speakman, Robert J. 2014. "Measuring heavy metal content in bone using portable X-ray fluorescence." Open Journal of Archaeometry, 2, (1) 19–21. https://doi.org/10.4081/arc.2014.5257.
  • Bruwelheide, Karin S. and Owsley, Douglas W. 2007. "Written in Bone: Reading the Remains of the 17th Century." AnthroNotes, 28, (2) 8–14.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Bruwelheide, Karin S., Cartmell, L. W., Burgess, Laurie E., Foote, S. C., and Fielder, N. 2006. "The Man in the Iron Coffin: An Interdisciplinary Effort to Name the Past." Historical Archaeology, 40, (3) 89–108.
  • Jantz, R. L. and Owsley, Douglas W. 2003. "Reply to Van Vark et al.: Is European Upper Paleolithic cranial morphology a useful analogy for early Americans?" American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 121 185–188.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Richardson, M. L., and Hanna, W. F. 2003. "Bioarcheological investigation of the grave of Willaim D. Farley, Confederate Scout." Quarterly Bulletin of the Archeological Society of Virginia, 58, (2) 94–113.
  • Ubelaker, Douglas H. and Owsley, Douglas W. 2003. "Isotopic Evidence for Diet in the Seventeenth-Century Colonial Chesapeake." American Antiquity, 68, (1) 129–139.
  • Jantz, R. L. and Owsley, Douglas W. 2001. "Variation among early North American crania." American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 114, (2) 146–155.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. and Hunt, David R. 2001. "Clovis and early archaic crania from the Anzick site (24PA506), Park County, Montana." Plains Anthropologist, 46, (176) 115–124.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. 2000. "Biography in the bones." Discovering Archaeology, 2, (1) 56–58.
  • Kolman, Connie J., Centurion-Lara, Arturo, Lukehart, Sheila A., Owsley, Douglas W., and Tuross, Noreen C. 1999. "Identification of Treponema pallidum Subspecies pallidum in a 200-year-old Skeletal Specimen." The Journal of infectious diseases, 180 2060–2063.
  • Houck, M. M., Ubelaker, Douglas H., Owsley, Douglas W., Craig, E., Grant, W., Fram, R., Woltanski, T., and Sandness, K. 1996. "The role of forensic anthropology in the recovery and analysis of Branch Davidian compound victims: Assessing the accuracy of age estimations." Journal of forensic sciences, 41, (5) 796–801.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. 1995. "Techniques for Locating Burials, with Emphasis on the Probe." Journal of forensic sciences, 40, (5) 735–740.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Ubelaker, Douglas H., Houck, M. M., Sandness, K. L., Grant, W. E., Craig, E. A., Woltanski, T. J., and Peerwani, N. 1995. "The Role of Forensic Anthropology in the Recovery and Analysis of Branch-Davidian Compound Victims - Techniques of Analysis." Journal of forensic sciences, 40, (3) 341–348.
  • Ubelaker, Douglas H., Owsley, Douglas W., Houck, M. M., Craig, E., Grant, W., Woltanski, T., Fram, R., Sandness, K., and Peerwani, N. 1995. "The Role of Forensic Anthropology in the Recovery and Analysis of Branch-Davidian Compound Victims - Recovery Procedures and Characteristics of the Victims." Journal of forensic sciences, 40, (3) 335–340.
  • Ellwood, Brooks B., Owsley, Douglas W., Ellwood, Suzanne H., and Mercado-Allinger, Patricia A. 1994. "Search for the grave of the hanged Texas gunfighter, William Preston Longley." Historical Archaeology, 28, (3) 94–112.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. 1993. "Identification of the Fragmentary, Burned Remains of 2 Us Journalists 7 Years After their Disappearance in Guatemala." Journal of forensic sciences, 38, (6) 1372–1382.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Mann, R. W., Chapman, R. E., Moore, E., and Cox, W. A. 1993. "Positive Identification in a Case of Intentional Extreme Fragmentation." Journal of forensic sciences, 38, (4) 985–996.
  • Mann, R. W. and Owsley, Douglas W. 1992. "Human Osteology - Key to the Sequence of Events in a Postmortem Shooting." Journal of forensic sciences, 37, (5) 1386–1392.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. and Mann, R. W. 1992. "Positive Personal Identity of Skeletonized Remains using Abdominal and Pelvic Radiographs." Journal of forensic sciences, 37, (1) 332–336.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Roberts, E. D., and Manning, E. M. 1992. "Field Recovery and Analysis of Horse Skeletal Remains." Journal of forensic sciences, 37, (1) 163–175.
  • Shafer, Harry J., Dockall, John E., Owsley, Douglas W., and Ellzey, Thomas S. 1991. "The Canyon Creek Site (410C13): A Component of the Southern Plains Equestrian Nomad Archeological Complex." Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society, 62 285–333.
  • Mann, R. W. and Owsley, Douglas W. 1990. "Os-Trigonum - Variation of a Common Accessory Ossicle of the Talus." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 80, (10) 536–539.
  • Mann, R. W., Owsley, Douglas W., and Sledzik, P. S. 1990. "Seronegative Spondyloarthropathy of the Foot." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 80, (7) 395–396.
  • Mann, R. W., Sledzik, P. S., Owsley, Douglas W., and Droulette, M. R. 1990. "Radiographic Examination of Chinese Foot Binding." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 80, (8) 405–409.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. 1990. "An American Indian Skeleton with Clubfoot from the Cabin Burial Site (A1184), Hemphill County, Texas." Plains Anthropologist, 35, (128) 93–101.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. and Mann, R. W. 1990. "Foot Deformity of Unknown Etiology in a Prehistoric Skeleton from Texas." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 80, (7) 360–363.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. and Mann, R. W. 1990. "Medicolegal Case Involving a Bear Paw." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 80, (11) 623–625.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. and Mann, R. W. 1990. "Bilateral Dorsal Defect of the Patella." American Journal of Roentgenology, 154, (6) 1347–1348.
  • Killeen, Victoria and Owsley, Douglas W. 1989. "Where are the Soldiers Buried?" Civil War Times Illustrated, 27, (10) 12–20.
  • Mann, R. W. and Owsley, Douglas W. 1989. "Anatomy of Uncorrected Talipes Equinovarus in a 15th-Century American-Indian." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 79, (9) 436–440.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. 1989. "Author's Note, Where are the Soliders Buried?" Civil War Times Illustrated, 28, (6) 8.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. and Mann, R. W. 1989. "Anatomical and Osteopathological Reference Collections for Podiatric Research." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 79, (11) 572–575.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. and Mann, R. W. 1989. "Positive Identification Based on Radiographic Examination of the Leg and Foot - a Case-Report." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 79, (10) 511–513.
  • Jungers, W. L., Cole, T. M., and Owsley, Douglas W. 1988. "Multivariate-Analysis of Relative Growth in the Limb Bones of Arikara Indians." Growth Development and Aging, 52, (2) 103–107.
  • Manhein, M. H. and Owsley, Douglas W. 1988. "Discovery of a Lost Confederate Cemetery: Port Hudson, Louisiana." Tennessee Anthropological Association Newsletter, 13, (1) 2–5.
  • Murchison, M. A., Riopelle, A. J., and Owsley, Douglas W. 1988. "Dental Development in Protein-Deprived Infant Rhesus-Monkeys." Human Biology, 60, (3) 383–394.
  • Tiffany, J. A., Schermer, S. J., Theler, J. L., Owsley, Douglas W., Anderson, D. C., Bettis, E. A., III, and Thompson, D. M. 1988. "The Hanging Valley Site (13HR28): A Stratified Woodland Burial Locale in Western Iowa." Plains Anthropologist, 33, (120) 219–259.
  • Killeen, Victoria and Owsley, Douglas W. 1987. "Port Hudson Excavation - Confederate Mystery Unearthed." Baton Rouge Magazine, 47–49.
  • Manhein, Mary H. and Owsley, Douglas W. 1987. "Archaeological Testing of the Horton Family Cemetery." Tennessee Anthropological Association Newsletter, 12, (2) 1–3.
  • Manhein, Mary H., Owsley, Douglas W., Marks, Murray K., and Whitmer, Ann M. 1987. "Jackson Digs up its Past." LSU Magazine, 63, (2) 32–35.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. and Manhein, M. H. 1987. "Bioarchaeological Testing of the Port Hudson Confederate Cemetery (16EF68)." Louisiana Archaeological Society Newsletter, 14, (2) 5–7.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. and Marks, Murray K. 1987. "The Role of the Forensic Anthropologist in Medico-Legal Investigations." Southern Association of Forensic Scientists Newsletter, 15, (3) 3–7.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Orser, C. E., Mann, R. W., Moore-Jansen, P., and Montgomery, R. L. 1987. "Demography and Pathology of an Urban Slave Population from New Orleans." American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 74 185–197.
  • Schermer, S. J. and Owsley, Douglas W. 1987. "Analysis of Human Skeletal Material from the Hanging Valley Site (13HR28)." Office of the State Archaeologist of Iowa Research Papers, 12, (1) 13–53.
  • Orser, Charles E., Owsley, Douglas W., and Shenkel, J. R. 1986. "Gaining Access to New Orleans' First Cemetery." Journal of Field Archaeology, 13, (3) 342–345.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. 1986. "Bioarchaeological Testing of New Orleans' Cemeteries." Tennessee Anthropological Association Newsletter, 11, (5) 7–12.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Ortner, Donald J., and Mires, A. M. 1985. "Case Report No. 4." Paleopathology Newsletter, 49 7–8.

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Book Chapter
  • Burgess, Laurie E. and Owsley, Douglas. 2018. "Death, Dogs, and Monuments: Recent Research at Washington’s Congressional Cemetery." In Death Across Oceans: Archaeology of Coffins and Vaults in Britain, America, and Australia. Mytum, Harold C. and Burgess, Laurie E., editors. 249–262. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press. In Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Bruwelheide, Karin S., Barca, Kathryn G., Reidy, Susan K., and Fleskes, Raquel E. 2018. "Lives Lost: What Burial Vault Studies Reveal about Eighteenth-Century Identities." In Bioarchaeological Analyses and Bodies: New ways of knowing anatomical and skeletal collections. Stone, Pamela K., editor. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature. In Bioarchaeology and Social Theory.
  • Bruwelheide, Karin S., Owsley, Douglas W., Straube, Beverly A., and May, Jamie E. 2017. "Evidence for Early Seventeenth-Century Surgery and Dissection at James Fort, Virginia." In The Bioarchaeology of Dissection and Autopsy in the United States. Nystrom, Kenneth C., editor. 41–60. Springer International Publishing. In Bioarchaeology and Social Theory. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26836-1_3.
  • Bruwelheide, Karin S., Schlachtmeyer, Sandra S., Owsley, Douglas W., Simon, Vicki E., Aufderheide, Arthur C., Cartmell, Larry W., and Swanson, Stephan J. 2017. "Unearthing Robert Kennicott: Naturalist, Explorer, Smithsonian Scientist." In Studies in Forensic Biohistory: Anthropological Perspectives. Stojanowski, Christopher M. and Duncan, W. N., editors. 92–123. Cambridge University Press.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Bruwelheide, Karin S., Jantz, Richard L., Koste, Jodi L., and Outlaw, Merry. 2017. "Skeletal Evidence of Anatomical and Surgical Training in Nineteenth-Century Richmond." In The Bioarchaeology of Dissection and Autopsy in the United States. Nystrom, Kenneth C., editor. 143–164. Springer International Publishing. In Bioarchaeology and Social Theory. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26836-1_7.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Barca, Kathryn G., Simon, Vicki E., and Gill, G. 2016. "Evidence for injuries and violent death." In Skeletal Biology of the Ancient Rapanui (Easter Islanders). Stefan, V. H. and Gill, G. W., editors. 222–252. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139151856.013.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Simon, Vicki E., Barca, Kathryn G., Van Tilburg, J., and Whitmore, D. 2016. "Demographic analysis of modified crania from Rapa Nui." In Skeletal Biology of the Ancient Rapanui (Easter Islanders). Stefan, V. H. and Gill, G. W., editors. 253–268. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139151856.014.
  • Cashion Lugo, M. A., Owsley, Douglas W., Bruwelheide, Karin S., and Spradley, M. K. 2015. "Don Ramón Power y Giralt: Disputado de las Cortes de Cadiz de 1812." In Proceedings of the 25th International Congress for Caribbean Archeology. 870–892. Puerto Rico: International Congress for Caribbean Archeology.
  • Bruwelheide, Karin S. and Owsley, Douglas W. 2014. "Identity through science and art." In Kennewick Man: The Scientific Investigation of an Ancient American Skeleton. Owsley, Douglas W. and Jantz, Richard L., editors. 519–534. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. In Peopling of the Americas Publications.
  • Dixon, E. J., Heaton, Timothy H., Lee, Craig M., Fifield, Terence E., Coltrain, Joan Brenner, Kemp, Brian M., Owsley, Douglas W., Parrish, Eric, Turner, Christy G., Edgar, Heather J. H., Worl, Rosita Kaaháni, Smith, David Glenn, and Farmer, G. L. 2014. "Evidence of maritime adaptation and coastal migration from southeast Alaska." In Kennewick Man: The Scientific Investigation of an Ancient American Skeleton. Owsley, Douglas W. and Jantz, Richard L., editors. 537–548. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. In Peopling of the Americas Publications.
  • Jodry, Margaret A. and Owsley, Douglas W. 2014. "A new look at the double burial from Horn Shelter No. 2." In Kennewick Man: The Scientific Investigation of an Ancient American Skeleton. Owsley, Douglas W. and Jantz, Richard L., editors. 549–604. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. In Peopling of the Americas Publications.
  • Norris, James N. and Owsley, Douglas W. 2014. "Benthic aquatic algae: Indicators of recent taphonomic history." In Kennewick Man: The Scientific Investigation of an Ancient American Skeleton. Owsley, Douglas W. and Jantz, Richard L., editors. 382–392. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. In Peopling of the Americas Publications.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. 2014. "Introduction: The scientific investigation of Kennewick Man." In Kennewick Man: The Scientific Investigation of an Ancient American Skeleton. Owsley, Douglas W. and Jantz, Richard L., editors. 1–4. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. In Peopling of the Americas Publications.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. and Jantz, Richard L. 2014. "Who was Kennewick Man?" In Kennewick Man: The Scientific Investigation of an Ancient American Skeleton. Owsley, Douglas W. and Jantz, Richard L., editors. 622–650. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. In Peopling of the Americas Publications.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Williams, Aleithea A., and Bruwelheide, Karin S. 2014. "Skeletal inventory, morphology, and pathology." In Kennewick Man: The Scientific Investigation of an Ancient American Skeleton. Owsley, Douglas W. and Jantz, Richard L., editors. 139–186. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. In Peopling of the Americas Publications.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Williams, Aleithea A., and Stafford, Thomas W. 2014. "Taphonomic indicators of burial context." In Kennewick Man: The Scientific Investigation of an Ancient American Skeleton. Owsley, Douglas W. and Jantz, Richard L., editors. 323–381. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. In Peopling of the Americas Publications.
  • Schwarcz, Henry P., Stafford, Thomas W., Knyf, Martin, Chisholm, Brian, Longstaffe, Fred J., Chatters, James C., and Owsley, Douglas W. 2014. "Stable isotopic evidence for diet and origin." In Kennewick Man: The Scientific Investigation of an Ancient American Skeleton. Owsley, Douglas W. and Jantz, Richard L., editors. 310–322. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. In Peopling of the Americas Publications.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Bruwelheide, Karin S., and Burgess, Laurie E. 2008. "Late-Nineteenth-Century Crow Mummies from Montana." In Skeletal Biology and Bioarchaeology of the Northwestern Plains. Gill, George W. and Weathermon, Rick L., editors. 77–93. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Bruwelheide, Karin S., Burgess, Laurie E., and Billeck, William T. 2007. "Human Finger and Hand Bone Necklaces from the Plains and Great Basin." In The Taking and Displaying of Human Body Parts as Trophies by Amerindians. Chacon, Richard J. and Dye, David H., editors. 124–166. New York: Springer.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Strinovic, D., Slaus, M., Kollmann, D. D., and Richardson, M. L. 2000. "Recovery and identification of civilian victims of war in Croatia." In Biological Anthropology. Park, M. A., editor. 215–218. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Company.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. 1999. "From Jamestown to Kennewick: an anaolgy based on early Americans." In Who were the first Americans? Proceedings of the 58th Annual Biology Colloquium.. 127–140.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. and Jantz, R. L. 1999. "Databases for Paleoamerican skeletal biology research." In Who were the first Americans?. 79–96. Corvallis, OR: Center for the Study of the First Americans, Oregon State University.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. 1997. "Introduction; New Perspectives on the Past." In In Remembrance: Archaeology and Death. 1–16.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Ellwood, B. B., and Richardson, M. L. 1997. "Locating and Excavating Historic Burials." In In Remembrance: Archaeology and Death. 201–217. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. 1995. "Contributions of bioarchaeological research to knowledge of nineteenth-century surgery." In Grave reflections: portraying the past through cemetery studies. 119–151. Toronto: Canadian Scholar's.
  • Bovee, Dana L. and Owsley, Douglas W. 1994. "Evidence of warfare at the Heerwald site." In Skeletal Biology in the Great Plains: Migration, Warfare, Health, and Subsistence. Owsley, Douglas W. and Jantz, Richard L., editors. 355–362. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  • Holliman, S. E. and Owsley, Douglas W. 1994. "Osteology of the Fay Tolton Site: Implications For Warfare During the Initial Middle Missouri Variant." In Skeletal biology in the Great Plains : migration, warfare, health, and subsistence. Owsley, Douglas W. and Jantz, Richard L., editors. 345–353. Smithsonian Institution Press.
  • Jantz, Richard L. and Owsley, Douglas W. 1994. "White traders in the Upper Missouri: evidence from the Swan Creek site." In Skeletal biology in the Great Plains : migration, warfare, health, and subsistence. Owsley, Douglas W. and Jantz, Richard L., editors. 189–201. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  • Jantz, Richard L. and Owsley, Douglas W. 1994. "Growth and Dental Development In Arikara Children." In Skeletal biology in the Great Plains : migration, warfare, health, and subsistence. Owsley, Douglas W. and Jantz, Richard L., editors. 247–258. Smithsonian Institution Press.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Gill, , G.W., and Ousley, S. D. 1994. "Biological Effects of European Contact on Easter Island." In In the Wake of Contact: Biological Responses to Conquest. 161–177. Wiley.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Mann, Robert W., and Baugh, Timothy G. 1994. "Culturally Modified Human Bones From the Edwards I Site." In Skeletal Biology In the Great Plains. 363–375. Smithsonian Institution Press.
  • Hofman, J. L., Brooks, R. L., Hays, J. S., and Owsley, Douglas W. 1989. "Adaptation Types for the Southern Great Plains Region." In From Clovis to Comanchero: Archaeological Overview of the Southern Great Plains. Hofman, J. L., editor. 157–174.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. 1989. "History of Bioarchaeological Research in the Southern Great Plains." In From Clovis to Comanchero: Archaeological Overview of the Southern Great Plains. Hofman, J. L., editor. 123–136.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. and Berryman, Hugh E. 1989. "Ethnographic and Archaeological Evidence of Scalping in the Southeastern United States." In Mini-Histories: Of Hair, Scalps and Skulls. Brehm, H. C., editor. 15–42.
  • Owsley, Douglas W. and Jantz, R. L. 1989. "A Systematic Approach to the Skeletal Biology of the Southern Plains." In From Clovis to Comanchero: Archaeological Overview of the Southern Great Plains. Hofman, J. L., editor. 137–156.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Marks, M. K., and Manhein, M. H. 1989. "Human Skeletal Samples in the Southern Great Plains." In From Clovis to Comanchero: Archaeological Overview of the Southern Great Plains. Hofman, J. L., editor. 111–122.

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Book
  • Owsley, Douglas W. and Jantz, Richard L. 2014. Kennewick Man: the scientific investigation of an ancient American skeleton. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Jodry, Margaret, Stafford, Thomas W., Haynes, C. Vance, Jr., and Stanford, Dennis J. 2010. Arch Lake Woman Physical Anthropology and Geoarchaeology, Goebel, Ted, editor. College Station, Texas: Texas A and M University Press.
  • Owsley, Douglas W., Hanna, W. F., Richardson, M. L., and Burgess, Laurie E. 2003. Bioarcheological and Geophysical Investigation of Unmarked Civil War Burials in the Soldiers Plot. ASV Special Publicatin No. 41, Spectrum Press.